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article 2026

The effect of sodium bicarbonate mini-tablets in a carbohydrate hydrogel on prolonged high-intensity cycling performance and metabolism in acute normobaric hypoxia

Eli Spencer Shannon, S. Andy Sparks, Lars Robert McNaughton, Kelly Marrin, Craig Alan Bridge

Journal
European Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI
10.1007/s00421-025-06069-6
Study type
randomised controlled trial
Population
trained male cyclists
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Abstract

Purpose Hydrogen cation (H + ) accumulation is exacerbated in hypoxia. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) ingestion can reduce fatigue associated with high-intensity exercise performance by counteracting H + ion accumulation. The present study aimed to determine the effect of 0.3 g·kg − 1 NaHCO 3 mini-tablets in a carbohydrate hydrogel on 40 km cycling time trial (TT) performance in trained male cyclists in acute hypoxia. Methods Fourteen trained male cyclists completed a ramp test to determine VO 2Peak . After, in a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, participants completed three 40 km cycling TTs (1 x familiarisation, 2 x experimental) in acute hypoxia (16.7 ± 0.2 FiO 2 ). Each experimental TT followed 90 min after the ingestion of 0.3 g·kg − 1 BM NaHCO 3 or an appearance-matched placebo. Results After NaHCO 3 ingestion, 40 km cycling TT performance was improved by 1.2% in comparison to placebo (t = 3.84, p = 0.02, g = 0.19). Additionally, NaHCO 3 ingestion raised blood pH (f = 48.47, p = < 0.001, pη 2 = 0.79) and blood HCO 3 − (f = 64.13, p = < 0.001, pη 2 = 0.84) pre-exercise and throughout the TT. Aggregated gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were minimal, and did not differ between conditions (NaHCO 3 , 110 AU; Placebo, 119 AU; z = 0.38, p = 0.71, r = 0.10). Conclusion The present study suggests that 0.3 g·kg − 1 NaHCO 3 can enhance 40 km cycling TT performance in acute hypoxia, likely a result of improved buffering capacity. Cyclists competing at altitude could consider the ingestion of this form of NaHCO 3 to minimise the deleterious effects of acute hypoxia.

Description

This study investigates the effects of sodium bicarbonate on cycling performance in hypoxia.