Abstract
The study aims to determine the impact of the intermittent integrated training method on speed endurance and anaerobic capacities. For this purpose, we used an experimental approach on a sample consisting of 13 football players under 19 years old, deliberately selected. To collect data, we used the Student's t-test for a single sample. After collecting and statistically processing the results, significant differences were found at a 0.5 level in favor of the experimental group, recommending the use of similar exercises to competitive conditions during different preparation stages. Keywords: integrated training method, intermittent style speed endurance, anaerobic capacities football players. 1-Introduction: Physical preparation for football players has become the main concern for coaches in the preparation and planning of the training season through structured programs designed on scientific principles
in favor of the experimental group, recommending the use of similar exercises to competitive conditions during different preparation stages. Keywords: integrated training method, intermittent style speed endurance, anaerobic capacities football players. 1-Introduction: Physical preparation for football players has become the main concern for coaches in the preparation and planning of the training season through structured programs designed on scientific principles to bring players to the highest possible level of football fitness. Endurance, strength, speed, and agility are considered the most important components and characteristics for achieving physical fitness. It requires players to have high general fitness and specific speed endurance. As training progresses, there is a decrease in energy production and this trait is evident in the improvement of coordination and energy distribution during competition (Abdel Khalek, 1992, p. 114). There are many exercises that aim to develop more than one capability by conducting coordination exercises to blend multiple physical abilities, whether two or more (Sayed, 2008, p. 33) Speed endurance exercises lead to high demand on pathways for both creatine kinase and glycogen; therefore, the intensity of the exercises must be high to reach the maximum limit in order to achieve the basic adaptations for the enzymes associated with anaerobic metabolism. Consequently, these exercises should involve movements that the player uses during high-intensity matches or ball exercises. Speed endurance exercises are of high intensity both physically and psychologically; thus, it is recommended to use this type of training with high-level players (Fattah, 2003, pp. 230-233) The exercise intensity and rest periods depend on the heart rate, with a focus on the necessity of reaching a heart rate of 180 beats per minute and not less than 140 beats per minute, and players should not reach complete rest (Bassat, 1995 , pp. 160-161)
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI:10.48047/intjecse/v16i3.19 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 16, Issue 03 2024 186 The most commonly used and overlapping elements for athletic achievement are strength and speed endurance, linked to three other dimensions: energy systems; aerobic, anaerobic lactic, and non-lactic. We also find a significant relationship between muscular and oxygen capacities, as well as the oxygen capacity of the heart and lungs. There is also harmony between muscle contraction, elongation, and joint flexibility. In addition, the importance of balancing sports exercises within training programs to cover these basic elements of physical fitness, whether for the purpose of developing athletic abilities or maintaining general health (Kilani, 2005, p. 255) Integrated training is considered an important method in modern football training, as it breaks the rule and pattern of daily training consisting of several activities such as warm-up, technical exercises, and small-sided games. It is very suitable for players who train for more than five weekly units, as in schools and football academies, and is considered one of the main elements that attract players and relieve them from the routine of exercises. The impact of integrated training method with an exchange approach on speed endurance and anaerobic capacities of football players under 19 years old The compound exercises used by the researcher had a positive impact on the development of football speed endurance. The largest significant value appeared in the research sample in the tests, in the speed endurance capacities. According to (Jawad, 2011), the proposed training program following the game style for 12 weeks with an average of 3 training units per week has a positive effect on the development of physical variables, speed endurance, and physiological variables. (Shraheh, 2013, p. 75) Based on this, researchers believe that building a training program that relies on regulating the training load and creating suitable conditions similar to competitive conditions. Prolonged speed development is achieved in the preparation phase through integrated training in an interactive manner, hence the following question is raised: Does integrated training with an interactive approach have a positive impact on speed endurance and anaerobic capacities of
that building a training program that relies on regulating the training load and creating suitable conditions similar to competitive conditions. Prolonged speed development is achieved in the preparation phase through integrated training in an interactive manner, hence the following question is raised: Does integrated training with an interactive approach have a positive impact on speed endurance and anaerobic capacities of football players under 19 years old? The aim of the study is to propose a training program using integrated training with an interactive approach to develop speed endurance and anaerobic capacities in football players under 19 years old based on theoretical and scientific foundations. Researchers assumed the presence of statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental sample in favor of the latter in the results of speed endurance and anaerobic capacities. The importance of the research lies in understanding the role of integrated training with an interactive approach in developing speed endurance, studying the importance of some physiological aspects in preparing players for competitions, and incorporating integrated training with an interactive approach in training stages in terms of compatibility between load components (volume, intensity, rest, density), based on training principles. And contributing to the development of these competitions at the national level, creating a broad base for them, and reaching a high level through modest effort. 2-Field Research Procedures: 2.1- Research Method: Researchers relied on the experimental method in order to conduct their research in the best possible way. The experimental method is one of the closest research methods to solving problems scientifically, and the experiment can be conducted in a laboratory, a hall, or any other field. 2.2- Research Population and Sample: After the survey study and identifying the original population of the study, represented by football players under 19 years old, the researchers selected a deliberate sample from the team of "Tergui Mostaganem The total number of male players with the same age and training experience (more than 3 years of training) was 35. The sample was divided into three groups, one of which consisted of 7 players who underwent the survey experiment and
by football players under 19 years old, the researchers selected a deliberate sample from the team of "Tergui Mostaganem The total number of male players with the same age and training experience (more than 3 years of training) was 35. The sample was divided into three groups, one of which consisted of 7 players who underwent the survey experiment and were excluded from the main study. Two goalkeepers were also excluded, leaving 26 players who were intentionally divided. The experimental group consisted of 13 main players with a high participation rate in competition, on whom the training program was applied. Research Areas:
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI:10.48047/intjecse/v16i3.19 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 16, Issue 03 2024 187 2.3- Human Field: The sample of the participants targeted in the research in the sport of football under 19 years old consisted of 13 players. 2.3.1- Spatial Field: The research was conducted at the Suleiman Stadium and a stadium annexed to the civil Raed Faraj for the state of Mostaganem. 2.3.2- Temporal Scope: The period of the pilot work extended from 30/07/2018 to 23/03/2019, with 4-5 training sessions per week. 2.4- Research Tools: Researchers used the following tools to complete their research on the best approach and to achieve their desired goals: - Medical balance - a wooden stand with centimeter markings along a 2-meter length - a 50m measuring tape - Two good quality electronic counters "Digital stop Watch" - Markers - plastic tape - whistle - medical balls - footballs. 2.5- Procedural Control of Variables: - Independent variable: Integrated training method with an exchange approach - Dependent variables: Speed endurance and anaerobic capacity. 2.7-The training program: 2.7.1- Program implementation: -First: Medical examinations, tests, and measurements will be addressed by researchers later. Second: The training program is built on two stages: the preparation stage and the competition stage. The preparation stage consists of a major cycle composed of three medium cycles and ten weekly cycles for the preparation stage. 2.7.2- Training methods and techniques: Interactive method, integrated skill exercises, integrated tactical exercises. 2.7.3- Regulating the training load for physical attributes under study: - Intensity at 70-90% below maximum. Heart rate (physiological index) at 180-200 bpm from the maximum. Time 20s-120s. Incomplete rest at 120 bpm-140 bpm. Active rest. Repetitions 10-20 times. Sets 2-5 times. (Al- Mawla, 2000, pp. 158-159) 2.9 - anaerobic capacity tests: 2.9.1- anaerobic alactic energy system: A- Running test at 40m speed (from an approximate run): Objective: anaerobic alactic energy system capacity. Necessary equipment: chronometer - 400m track - speedometer device (Speedo meter) Test procedures: Measure the time taken to cover a distance of 40m. B- Running test 100m from an approximate run: Objective: To : anaerobic alactic energy
capacity tests: 2.9.1- anaerobic alactic energy system: A- Running test at 40m speed (from an approximate run): Objective: anaerobic alactic energy system capacity. Necessary equipment: chronometer - 400m track - speedometer device (Speedo meter) Test procedures: Measure the time taken to cover a distance of 40m. B- Running test 100m from an approximate run: Objective: To : anaerobic alactic energy efficiency system. Test procedures: The runner runs at maximum speed for a distance of 100m in the shortest time possible. Calculation method: To evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic alactic energy efficiency, we perform the following procedures: Calculate the speed value over 40m. Calculate the speed value over 100m. Extract the quotient of the two speeds Result: The closer the result is to one, the more advanced the device efficiency is (the device is prolonged). 2.9.2. anaerobic Lactic energy system A- 300m running test: Purpose: Assessing the anaerobic lactic capacity system. Tools: chronometer, square open space or track and field. Age: Suitable for boys and girls from 6 years old to college stage. Procedure: Record the time taken by each subject from the start signal until the finish in seconds to the nearest (1 to 10) seconds. B- 800m running test: Goal: Evaluating the efficiency of the anaerobic lactic system. Necessary gear: 400m track, timing watch.
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI:10.48047/intjecse/v16i3.19 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 16, Issue 03 2024 188 Test procedure: The runner covers a distance of 800m in the shortest time possible. 2.9.3- Speed endurance test: 20m sprint * 12 with 40s rest Purpose: Measuring specific speed endurance. Required tools: chronometer, measuring tape, cones or corner flags. Procedure: Football field. Place 5 cones at a distance of 4.30 meters between the first and second cone, 3.20 meters between the second and third cone, 5 meters between the third and fourth cone, 3.20 meters between the fourth and fifth cone, and 4.30 meters between the fifth and sixth cone. Performance specifications: The player runs a distance of 20 meters, then repeats the same distance 12 times with a rest between each repetition of 40 seconds. See the figure. Recording: Calculate the total time taken during 12*(20m 40 rest) (Cazorla, 2006) 2.10-Statistical methods: The researchers used the statistical program SPSS 21. 3- Presentation and analysis of the pre-test and post-test results of the research sample and the program progress percentage: Table (03) illustrates the significance of the differences between the pre-test and post-test means of the research sample. Degrees of freedom (n-1) = 12 at a significance level of 0.05. 3.1- Presentation and analysis of the results of a 40m sprint test: Based on the results recorded in the above table (03), it was found that the mean pre-test value for the experimental sample, which applied the integrated training method with the exchange method, was 5.39 with a standard deviation of 0.39. As for the post-test, it was 5.05 with a standard deviation of 0.23. After using the Student's t-test, it was found that the calculated t-value for the experimental sample was 2.27, which is greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning there is a significant difference between the means. The program progress percentage for anaerobic non-lactic power was 6.83%, as shown in Table 03. 3.2- Presentation and analysis of test results run 100m/run 40m: It is noted
which is greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning there is a significant difference between the means. The program progress percentage for anaerobic non-lactic power was 6.83%, as shown in Table 03. 3.2- Presentation and analysis of test results run 100m/run 40m: It is noted from the results table (03) that the arithmetic mean value in the pre-test for the experimental sample, which was subjected to the integrated training method using the exchange method, was 0.93 ± 0.03. In the post-test, the arithmetic mean value was Statistical measures Tests Experimental Sample Tabular t Statistical Significa nce Preliminary Results Post-Results T calcu lated Progress Ratio x σ . x σ . Alactic anaerobic apparatus Efficien cy Running 40m (s) of movement 5.39 0.39 5.05 0.23 2.27 6.73 2.17 Significa nt capacity Run 100m/ Run 40m 0.93 0.03 0.98 0.01 3.13 5.10 Significa nt Lactic anaerobic system Efficien cy Running 300m (s) 44.83 2.11 37.09 37.09 3.15 86 Significa nt capacity Running 800m (s) 135 7.89 122 4.35 3.22 11.36 Significa nt Speed tolerance Run 20m *12 Rest 40s 4.78 0.15 4.09 0.16 3.44 16.81 Significa nt
International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI:10.48047/intjecse/v16i3.19 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 16, Issue 03 2024 189 0.98 ± 0.01. After using the statistical significance test "Student's t-test," it was found that the calculated t-value for the experimental sample was 3.13, which is greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and significance level of 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test arithmetic means. The efficiency improvement rate of the non- structural air conditioning program reached 5.10%, as shown in table (03). 3.3- Presentation of the results of the 300m sprint test: It is noted from the results recorded in the table above (03) that the pre-test mean value in the experimental sample was 44.83 ± 2.11. As for the post-test, the mean value was 37.09 ± 2.08. After using the statistical significance test "Student's t-test," it was found that the calculated t-value for the experimental sample was 3.15, which is greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.17 at degrees of freedom n-1=12 and significance level of 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test means. The improvement rate of the anaerobic lactate capacity program was 20.86%. 3.4-Presentation and analysis of the 800m running test results: It is noticed from Table (03) that the pre-test arithmetic mean value in the experimental sample was 135.96 with a standard deviation of 7.89, while in the post-test, the arithmetic mean value was 122 with a standard deviation of 4.35. After using the statistical significance scale "Student's t," it was found that the calculated t-value for the experimental sample was 3.22, which is greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.17 at degrees of freedom n-1=12 and significance level 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test arithmetic means. The improvement rate of the aerobic efficiency program reached 11.36%. 3.5-Displaying the results of the speed endurance test running 20m * 12 rest 40 sec: It was revealed through the results recorded in the above table (03) that the value of the
and significance level 0.05, indicating statistical significance, meaning a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test arithmetic means. The improvement rate of the aerobic efficiency program reached 11.36%. 3.5-Displaying the results of the speed endurance test running 20m * 12 rest 40 sec: It was revealed through the results recorded in the above table (03) that the value of the pre-test arithmetic mean in the experimental sample reached a value of 4.78 sec 0.15, while in the post-test the arithmetic mean value was 4.09 sec 0.16. After using the statistical significance measure t-Student, it was found that the calculated value for the experimental sample, which was subjected to the integrated training method with an exchangeable approach, was 3.44, which is higher than the tabular value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05, indicating that there is statistical significance, meaning there is a significant difference between the arithmetic mean of the pre- test and post-test for the experimental sample. The progress rate of the speed endurance program was 16.87% as shown in table 03. - Discussion of the hypothesis: The presence of statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in favor of the latter in the results of some physiological abilities related to speed endurance, following the statistical analysis of the raw data obtained using the "t-test" to make objective judgments about the significance of the differences between the means of the experimental sample on the latter applied to it the integrated training method with the exchange method. It is evident from the statistical results extracted from table number (03) that all the differences between the means of the test results for the experimental sample have statistical significance in favor of the post-test, as most of the calculated "t" values are greater than the critical "t" value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05. Discussion of the results of a 40m sprint test: Through table number (03), researchers conclude that the training method using the exchange method had a positive effect on developing the capacity of the non-aerobic
most of the calculated "t" values are greater than the critical "t" value of 2.17 at 12 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05. Discussion of the results of a 40m sprint test: Through table number (03), researchers conclude that the training method using the exchange method had a positive effect on developing the capacity of the non-aerobic non-lactic system. The researchers believe that this development is random despite relying on scientific principles in developing the capacity of this system (anaerobic alactic), because speed tends to lean towards the genetic side, meaning genes acquired from ancestors and passed on to offspring. Abu Al-A'la Ahmed Abdul Fattah and Ahmed Nasr El-Din Sayed mention that "speed is physiologically influenced by the genetic factor that controls the formation of the fast and slow muscle fibers ratio and the subsequent formation of motor units." Kollath et Quade (2001), Cometti et al. Brewer et Davis (1992) agree that anaerobic alactic capacity is important for football players, as it is not possible to exceed a distance of 40m in order to evaluate non-aerobic non-lactic capacity. (Alexandre, 2008) Discussion of test results: 100m/40m: Researchers conclude from Table 03 that the training method using the exchange method had a positive impact on developing the efficiency of the non-oxidative non-lactic acid system.