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article 2023 10 pages

Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes

Danilo Alexandre Massini, Tiago André Freire Almeida, Anderson Geremias Macedo, Mário Cunha Espada, Joana Francisca Reis, Francisco José Bessone Alves, Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes, Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho

Journal
Sports Medicine - Open
DOI
10.1186/s40798-023-00594-4
Publication type
Original Research
Population
Competitive Youth Athletes
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Abstract

Introduction

Since sex-specific accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) during high-intensity swimming remains unstudied, this study aimed to assess AOD during 50, 100, and 200 m front-crawl performances to compare the responses between sexes and analyse the effect of lean body mass (LBM).

Methods

Twenty swimmers (16.2 ± 2.8 years, 61.6 ± 7.8 kg, and 48.8 ± 11.2 kg LBM—50% males) performed 50, 100, and 200 m to determine accumulated oxygen uptake (V̇O2Ac). The swimmers also performed an incremental test from which five submaximal steps were selected to estimate the oxygen demand (V̇O2demand) from the V̇O2 versus velocity adjustment. V̇O2 was sampled using a gas analyser coupled with a respiratory snorkel. AOD was the difference between V̇O2demand and V̇O2Ac, and LBM (i.e. lean mass not including bone mineral content) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

A two-way ANOVA evidenced an AOD increase with distance for both sexes: 19.7 ± 2.5 versus 24.9 ± 5.5, 29.8 ± 8.0 versus 36.5 ± 5.8, and 41.5 ± 9.4 versus 5.2 ± 11.9 ml × kg−1, respectively, for 50, 100, and 200 m (with highest values for females, P 

Description

The study investigates sex-specific oxygen deficit in youth swimmers during short and middle-distance events.